Computers & Technology

PLEASE BE AWARE: Because devices, operating systems, platforms, and apps change frequently, information in even the most recent resources listed below may be out of date.

PLEASE BE AWARE: Because devices, operating systems, platforms, and apps change frequently, the information in even the most recent resources listed below may be out of date.

General

NOTE: In-person computer training at the South Plainfield library is not currently available, but Plainfield Public Library offers a variety of free computer training courses, including IC3 (Internet and Computing Core Competency) certification, open to anyone with a card from their NJ home library. See the Computer Training page for details and registration info.

For online computer training, see Universal Class [SP library card required], and/or GCF LearnFree Online Tutorials for free online computer training, as well as links under specific topics below, such as Getting Started with Computers, Getting Connected to the Internet, Internet Basics, etc.

Click here to find out about recycling Consumer Electronics in South Plainfield (search the page for the word 'computer', 'phone', or whatever electronic item you want to recycle). Before you get rid of your old PC, cell phone, or mobile device, see Disposal of Electronic Devices and E-Cycling links, below.

Universal Class free online non-credit courses Universal Class UPDATED LINK! [SP library card required] - Free online non-credit courses for your personal enrichment, accessible 24/7 via the Internet! Computer courses include computer basics, Windows 7 through 10, Microsoft Office 2007 through 2013, Mac OS, social media, Quickbooks & Quicken, Adobe software, PC repair, HTML, CSS, SQL, javascript, and much more! You will have up to 6 months to finish each course, and each course has a real instructor you can communicate with by email! To sign up for free classes, you'll need to register on the site and choose a username & password for your account. (From Recorded Books)

GCF LearnFree Online Tutorials VIDEO - Self-paced tech tutorials covering computer basics, Internet basics, e-mail skills, and social media (Facebook, Twitter, etc.), as well as Smartphones & Tablets, Microsoft Office, versions XP through 2016 (Word, PowerPoint, Excel, Access) and Windows, versions 98, XP, 7, 8, & 10, and Mac OS. (Goodwill Community Foundation)

Clean Your Computer VIDEO - Dust isn't just unattractive - it can potentially damage or even destroy parts of your computer. Cleaning your computer regularly will help you keep it working properly and avoid expensive repairs. This page offers cleaning tips. (Goodwill Community Foundation)

Computer Dictionary - Over 6,000 computer definitions and terms; you can search by keyword or browse alphabetically (Computer Hope). What Is? (TechTarget, an online technology media company) and Tech Terms (by Per Christensson, Brian Pickle, Nils-Henrik Garofoli-Tjikkom; owned by Sharpened Productions, Inc.) are also dictionaries of computer-related terms; search by keyword, or browse alphabetically or by broad subject. See also Security Glossary, and Texting and Chat Abbreviations, below.

Computer Hope: Tips & Tricks - Helpful computer advice; also has discussion forum (by Nathan Emberton).

Computer Rage VIDEO - If computer-related aggravations have you tearing your hair out, get some vicarious & hilarious relief from these comic videos. The equipment is outdated, but the humor isn't! (Dr. Kent Norman, retired Psychology Professor at University of Maryland; videos hosted on YouTube.)

Consumer Reports: Electronics & Computers UPDATED LINK! [Full access is available only with a subscription, but you can access Consumer Reports Online via EBSCO Masterfile with your SP library card] - Electronics & computer news & reviews. For buying guides, choose a type of product under 'FIND RATINGS,' then click on the 'Buying Guide' tab. Before you get rid of your old PC, cell phone, or mobile device, see Disposal of Electronic Devices and E-Cycling links, below.

DownRightNow - Have you ever had a problem connecting to Facebook, Google, YouTube, or other popular websites, and wondered if the trouble originated from the website itself, from your ISP, or from your own equipment? DownRightNow monitors the status of your favorite web services to tell you when there's service trouble. You can also file a report on the site to let others know when you've encountered a bug or outage. To check the status of ANY website (not just the popular ones), see Website Down or Not?

E-Cycling: Electronics Donation and Recycling - Basic information about reducing & recycling electronics, information about state e-cycling requirements, organizations & major retailers / manufacturers with donation & recycling programs, and more (U.S. EPA). See our Where to donate: Electronics links if you want to donate your old computer equipment or cell phone. For a list of area stores (including Staples) that accept items such as printers, laptops, monitors, CPUs and televisions for recycling, see Middlesex County Electronics Recycling (Middlesex County Improvement Authority). See also E-Cycle New Jersey (NJ Department of Environmental Protection). For advice on how to remove personal data from your old PC, cell phone, or mobile device before you donate, recycle or trash it, see Disposal of Electronic Devices links, below. The South Plainfield Public Library accepts empty ink & toner cartridges from computer printers or copiers for recycling — your donations help the library! Click here for info on the South Plainfield Electronics Recycling Program (search the page for the word 'computer', 'phone', or whatever electronic item you want to recycle). See our recycling webfinder for additional resources.

FCC Consumer Help Center - Visit this website to learn about consumer issues or file a complaint; covers TV, phone, internet, radio, access for people with disabilities, and wireless emergency alerts. See also FCC Consumer Guides. (Federal Communications Commission)

Older versions of computer programs - See Old Version, below.

One Tech Tip NEW! - Advice on a wide range of tech topics, including privacy, social media, devices & products, artificial intelligence, and more. (by Kelvin Chan; The Associated Press, 'an independent global news organization')

Privacy - See Apps & Privacy and Protecting Yourself & Your Family links, below.

Readability - The Readability app is no longer available. Firefox Reader View provides similar features in the Firefox Web Browser without the use of a separate app, though not all web pages are available in Reader View. Another useful tool for those with reading difficulties is the free WordTalk Windows plugin for Microsoft Word. WordTalk will speak the text of a document and highlight it as it goes. Works with Microsoft Windows (all versions supported) and Microsoft Word 2007 and later (Hosted by CALL Scotland, Communication and Assistive Technology for People with Disabilities, University of Edinburgh; conceived and developed by Rod Macaulay).

Reduce Screen Time - See Parenting & Family: Reduce Screen Time and related links.

TechSoup - 'A comprehensive source of technology information just for non-profit organizations,' but some information will be useful for individuals and small businesses as well (non-profit organization).

Getting Started with Computers & Windows

If you are an ABSOLUTE BEGINNER, find a friend, relative, or librarian to help you get started with these sites:

Good Typing [FREE REGISTRATION REQUIRED.] INTERACTIVE - Using a computer keyboard can really slow you down if you don't know how to type. This online tutorial offers step-by-step lessons for beginners. Other good typing tutorial sites include Peter's Online Typing Course INTERACTIVE, and Typing.com INTERACTIVE.

Mouse: New User Tutorial INTERACTIVE - If you've never used a computer before and have no idea how to use a mouse, these lessons are for you! Covers pointing, clicking, scrolling, and a few other basic skills (Goodwill Community Foundation).

Once you've mastered your mouse & keyboard, it's time to move on to:

Computer Basics VIDEO INTERACTIVE - This tutorial will help you understand how computers work and how to use them. Covers setting up a computer, the difference between hardware and software, different types of computers, operating systems, applications, the cloud, and much more. Also offers tutorials on other basic tech skills and many other tech topics. (Goodwill Community Foundation)

Check these sites to learn more about using Microsoft Windows® and other operating systems:

64-bit vs. 32-bit Operating Systems - 'You're probably aware that 64-bit and 32-bit versions of your operating system exist, but you may have no idea what separates the two. The question: Should you use a 64-bit version of Windows, and why?' (2009; Lifehacker, part of Ziff Davis digital media and internet company). See also How to Tell If You Have Windows 64-Bit or 32-Bit (2024, Lifewire; part of Dotdash Meredith publishing).

Operating Systems For Dummies™ - How-tos on operating systems including Windows XP through Windows 10 & Windows 11), DOS, and Linux, as well as Mac OS & Applications. Use the drop-down menu to choose an operating system. From the publisher of the For Dummies™ series of books. (John Wiley & Sons Inc.)

Windows Help (Microsoft) - Help topics for Windows 11 and Windows 10.

Windows 11 (How-To Geek) - Info and advice on using the new Windows 11 operating system (HowToGeek; LifeSavvy Media). See also Windows 11 Cheat Sheet (Tech Republic), Windows 11 System Requirements (Microsoft), and Windows 11 Help (Microsoft).

Getting Connected to the Internet

Broadband Internet for Low-Income Households: Affordable Connectivity Program - The FCC's Affordable Connectivity Program has ended. However, you may qualify for Lifeline, another FCC program that offers an internet discount. In NJ, see also Lifeline (Free Smartphone Program) NEW!, a free smartphone and free wireless phone service for eligible low-income individuals.

Internet 101: Connecting to the Internet - This interactive tutorial explains what the different types of internet connections (dialup, DSL, and cable) are, how to choose an internet service provider (ISP), what hardware & software you'll need to connect, and how to set up your connection on a computer or mobile device (Goodwill Community Foundation). See also Getting Connected to Broadband and Broadband Speeds: What You Need to Know (2022, Federal Communications Commission).

WiFi at the South Plainfield Public Library - Our library offers wireless internet access (Wi-Fi) for your convenience. Bring your own Wi-Fi-ready laptop or other portable device with you to the library, and use the internet while having access to all your own personal files and software at the same time! To protect yourself, your device, and your personal info when using wireless networks, see Wireless Connections and Bluetooth Security Tips, below.

Internet Basics

Emily Post's Digital Manners - Advice on correct manners when communicating electronically. Covers the use of cell phones, email, texting, videoconferencing and more. See also Netiquette (CyberSmile Foundation), Texting Etiquette (2020, The Protocol School of Washington), and Ten Commandments for Mobile Manners [Link opens a PDF] (Kim Komando, radio talk show host and syndicated columnist), and Cyberbullying.

Evaluating Online Information - See Evaluating Websites and related links.

Internet Basics - This introductory course explains what the internet is, how it is used, how to connect to the internet, and how to use web browsers & search engines. The same website also offers many additional tech tutorials (Goodwill Community Foundation).

E-Mail & Social Media

For more advice on protecting your privacy and security when using e-mail or social media (Facebook, Twitter, etc.), see Protecting Yourself & Your Family, below.

BCC: Blind Carbon Copies - Do you forward jokes, photos, or other email messages to your family, friends, and co-workers? BCC, or blind carbon copy, allows you to protect their privacy when you do. This page explains how, when, and why you should use BCC (University of Pittsburgh). See also If You BCC Someone on an Email, Can the Recipient Find Out? (2021, HowStuffWorks; a System1 property).

E-Mail Basics Tutorial [NOTE: Because online platforms' rules & procedures change frequently, some specifics may have changed since these tutorials were created] - Online tutorials teach you the essentials of email, in addition to other popular ways to communicate online in today's world. (Goodwill Community Foundation)

Email Etiquette Dos & Don'ts - Tips to help you communicate politely and effectively by email (Emily Post). See Emily Post's Digital Manners, above, for more tips on how to communicate correctly with digital technology.

MailDrop - MailDrop is a free throwaway e-mail address. You can use it whenever you need to provide an email address on any website or app, but don't want your real email inbox flooded with ads or spam. MailDrop is free for anyone - no signup or password required.

Overcoming E-Mail Overload AUDIO - Practical tips to help you efficiently manage e-mail on the job; many of these tips will be helpful for management of your personal e-mail, too. (2005, NPR; includes both audio and text versions)

Social Media Tutorials (GCF Global Learning®) VIDEO [NOTE: Because online platforms' rules & procedures change frequently, some specifics may have changed since these tutorials were created] - 'Social media is the blending of technology and social interaction for the purpose of communication and co-creation in today's world. Knowing how to use social media is an essential 21st century skill that you can acquire with our new social media topics.' This site offers self-paced tutorials covering blogs, Facebook, Instagram, Skype, LinkedIn, Snapchat, Pinterest, WhatsApp, YouTube, Zoom, and more (Goodwill Community Foundation).

Spam for Consumers - Advice on how to get fewer spam emails (2024, Federal Trade Commission et al.). See also Unwanted Emails, Texts, and Mail (2025, Federal Trade Commission), Why Am I Getting Spam From My Own Email Address? (2024, HowToGeek; part of LifeSavvy Media), and Trend Micro spam malware threats. To check on internet rumors and other stories that may come in your email, see Fact Checking & Fake News links.

Windows Live Mail Stuff - If you're still using the Windows Live Mail email program (the Windows 7 successor to Outlook Express and Windows Mail), you may be frustrated by the lack of help provided for many important functions. This site offers some useful how-to tips, including an extensive list of keyboard shortcuts and instructions on how to customize the Quick Access Toolbar (personal site by Noel Burgess).

Cell Phones & Mobile Devices

For more advice on protecting your privacy and security when using smartphones and mobile devices, see Protecting Yourself & Your Family, below.

Android: 10 Practical Privacy Tips for Your Android Phone - Explains the settings you can adjust to minimize the amount of data that Google and other companies collect about you from your Android phone (2022, Wirecutter; New York Times). If you have a limited mobile data plan, How to Prevent Any App From Using Mobile Data on Android VIDEO offers advice on how to turn off data and save money (2023, makeuseof.com). See also How to Clear Cookies and Site Data on Android (2023, HowToGeek; part of LifeSavvy Media), and Best Android Antivirus Apps (updated annually; PC Magazine).

Apps & Privacy: Mobile Device Cybersecurity Checklist for Consumers [Link opens a PDF] - Outlines the precautions you should take to safely connect to the internet using mobile devices (2021, Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency). See also How Websites and Apps Collect and Use Your Information (2023, Federal Trade Commission), Privacy and Mobile Device Apps (2022, CISA.gov, U.S. Department of Homeland Security), Protect data on your mobile device (2024, Indiana University), and Turn off, turn on: Simple step can thwart top phone hackers (2021, Associated Press). For information about Mobile Banking & Financial apps, see Online & Mobile Banking and related links. See also Android, Privacy, and Disposal of Electronic Devices links. Protect Your Phone From Hackers outlines steps you can take to protect your personal info in case your phone is lost or stolen (2022, Federal Trade Commission). See also Minimizing the Risks of a Lost Phone (2019, Privacy Rights Clearinghouse)

Caller ID Spoofing - See CONSUMER INFORMATION: Caller ID Spoofing.

Cell Phone Etiquette - See Emily Post's Digital Manners, above.

Cell Phone Health Risks: Cell Phones and Cancer Risk - Outlines current concerns and recent research on the possible health risks of cell phone use (2024, National Cancer Institute). See also Cell Phone Radiation articles & Are You Practicing Safer Cell Phone Use? VIDEO (2019 - 2023, Environmental Working Group). Other safety risks associated with mobile devices include Distracted Driving (2024, Federal Communications Commission) and Distracted Walking (2015, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons). For information on cell phone security, privacy, and related issues, see Kids and Cell Phones and related links, below.

Consumer Guides: Telephone - Information and advice on billing & fees, accessibility issues, service availability, frauds & scams, and more, for cell phones and other mobile devices, as well as landline phones (2023, Federal Communications Commission).

Disposing of Your Phone - See Disposal of Electronic Devices, below.

Free smartphones for low income households - See Broadband Internet for Low-Income Households

Internet Phone - See Skype Tutorial and related links, below.

Kids and Cell Phones - Advice for parents on helping children use cell phones safely (2024, Federal Trade Commission). See also Cellphones and Devices: A Guide for Parents and Caregivers (2024, Common Sense Media; non-profit organization), NetSmartz Smartphones (National Center for Missing & Exploited Children and Boys & Girls Clubs of America), and Growing Wireless (below). The Wait Until 8th pledge NEW! empowers parents to rally together to delay giving children a smartphone until at least the end of 8th grade, and protect the elementary and middle school years from the distractions and the dangers of a smartphone (non-profit organization). For a review of health risks, see Cell Phone Health Risks links, above. For translations of text-messaging acronyms, see Texting and Chat Abbreviations, below. See also Your Kid's First Phone, and Kids & Tech: Tips for Parents in the Digital Age and related links, below.

Mobile Device Apps & Privacy - See Apps & Privacy, above.

Port-Out Fraud Targets Your Private Accounts NEW! - Savvy scammers know that by hijacking your mobile phone number they can gain access to your financial and social media accounts. One way to hijack your phone number is through a port-out scam. This page explains how port-out scams work and how to protect yourself from them. Also includes links to related info on Cell Phone Fraud, Keeping Your Phone Number When You Change Providers, and eSIM Cards (2025, Federal Communications Commission).

Robocalls, phone scams & caller ID spoofing - See National Do Not Call Registry and related links.

SIM Card Swapping Cell Phone Scam - 'SIM swapping, or a SIM swap scam, happens when a crook is able to take control of the personal information stored on your SIM card by accessing it from another phone.. a successful SIM swap can occur if a scammer impersonates you and contacts your phone service provider with a bogus story.' Describes how SIM swapping works and what phone carriers are doing about the issue, plus tips on how you can stay safe (2024; by consumer advocate Clark Howard). See also eSIM Cards FAQ NEW! (2023, Federal Communications Commission).

Smartphones: What is a Smartphone? - A basic introduction to what smartphones do, with links to related pages (2025, ComputerHope.com). See also Apps & Privacy and related links, above.

Smishing - A form of phishing, smishing is when someone tries to trick you into giving them your private information via a text or SMS message. This article describes different types of smishing scams, and how to avoid them (2024, NortonLifeLock Inc). See also 3 Ways to Avoid Smishing VIDEO (2023, AARP). Forward spam and scam texts to 7726 (SPAM), the spam reporting service run by the mobile industry (2022, Federal Trade Commission).

Text Messaging - Shows how you can send short messages on your smartphone or or non-smartphone, with related information (2024, Wikihow). See also Recognize and Report Spam Text Messages (2022, Federal Trade Commission). Need to message someone but your phone isn't handy? See How to Send a Text From a Computer (2025, Lifewire).

Wireless Consumer Resources (formerly Your Wireless Life) - Consumer advice on emergency preparedness, choosing a device or plan, stopping robocalls, protecting your privacy & data, and more; mouse over Consumer Resources in the menu bar to choose a topic. A sister site, Growing Wireless, offers parents tools & information that can help you teach your kids how to use wireless technology responsibly. (CTIA-The Wireless Association®; industry association)

Word Processing & Other Applications

Brainfuse Help Now Brainfuse HelpNow: On demand, anytime, anywhere eLearning for all ages and levels! Brainfuse HelpNow's SkillSurfer [You must log in to Brainfuse to access SkillSurfer] includes a section on Computers and Technology, with Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced lessons in Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook, as well as tutorials on Google Tools, plus practice tests for C++ Certification, Java Certification, SQL Certification, and AP® Computer Science. Enter your full 14-digit library card barcode number to access the site, then click on the Login button to sign up for your personal account. See also Job Training & Education Opportunities for links to free online Skillsoft courses at SkillUp NJ, including information technology training.

AlternativeTo [CAUTION: Always scan downloads with a reliable anti-virus / anti-spyware program before opening them.] - Alternatives to common software, based on users recommendations. SourceForge hosts a large collection of Open Source software for a wide range of applications (owned and operated by Slashdot Media, a Dice Holdings, Inc. company). See also CNET Software Downloads and Old Version, below.

CNET Software Downloads [CAUTION: Always scan downloads with a reliable anti-virus / anti-spyware program before opening them.] - One-stop source for software downloads (Windows, Mac, iOS and Android) and software reviews. Offers a huge number of free downloads; others are free to try, or for purchase only. Software categories include security, browsers, business, communications, desktop enhancements, developer tools, drivers, digital photo, educational, entertainment, games, graphic design, internet, home & hobby, MP3 & audio, networking, productivity, screensavers & wallpaper, utilities & operating systems, and video software (CNET.com, a CBS Interactive site).

Excel Tutorial - Step-by-step instruction in the basics of using Microsoft's Excel spreadsheet program. 'Although examples in this overview reference Microsoft® Excel 2007, fundamental concepts should be relatively easy to apply to other versions of Excel.' (2024, by Brooke Tomasetti; hosted by Carbon Collective investment advisers). See also Easy Excel Tutorial (created by Niels Weterings while he was pursuing a master's degree at the University of Amsterdam; 2010 - 2025). For tutorials on all versions of Excel through 2016, see Microsoft Office Tutorials, below.

Microsoft eBooks (2016) [CAUTION: Always scan downloads with a reliable anti-virus / anti-spyware program before opening them.] - A large collection of free Microsoft eBooks for businesses, home users, web developers, and IT professionals on a wide variety of programs. Covers Windows 10, Windows Server, Office 2016, Azure, Outlook, and many others. (Eric Ligman, Microsoft Director of Business & Sales Operations)

Microsoft Office Tutorials (GCF Learn Free ) VIDEO - Self-paced Microsoft Office programs (Word, PowerPoint, Excel, Access) tutorials. Includes Microsoft Office versions 2000 through Office 2016 (Goodwill Community Foundation). MS Office 365 Training Center VIDEO offers online instruction & tips for using for the latest Office apps, including Outlook, OneDrive, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, OneNote, and SharePoint (Microsoft).

Old Version [CAUTION: Always scan downloads with a reliable anti-virus / anti-spyware program before opening them.] [CAUTION: Be aware that outdated versions of software are usually less secure than current versions.] - Are you still using an older computer that can't handle the latest versions of some popular software? Do you just prefer the older version of your favorite browser, media, or mail program? On this site you can download early versions of many Windows-based freeware and shareware programs such as Internet Explorer, AOL Instant Messenger, Acrobat Reader, Eudora, Winamp, WinZip, and RealPlayer. Old versions of some software programs are also available on Archive.org .

Open Office [CAUTION: Always scan downloads with a reliable anti-virus / anti-spyware program before opening them.] - Free downloadable software, including a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation manager, and drawing program. 'An Open Source, community-developed, multi-platform (Windows, Mac, etc.) office productivity suite.' LibreOffice is another free alternative multi-platform office suite. See Alternative To: Office & Productivity software for more options.

Zamzar Free Online File Conversion [CAUTION: Always scan e-mail attachments and downloads with a reliable anti-virus / anti-spyware program before opening them.] [Limit of 2 free conversions per day] - Allows users to transform computer files from their original file format to a different file format - for example, you can convert a file in DOC format to a PDF, or convert a PDF to HTML. The Online OCR Service extracts text from PDF or image files (JPG, JPEG, BMP, TIFF, GIF) and converts it into editable Word, Text, Excel, PDF, or HTML formats! OnlineOCR.net is free in 'Guest mode' (without registration), allowing you to convert 15 images per hour. To convert a PDF document into a .jpg image, try Soda PDF to JPG. Alternately, you can use the Snipping Tool included with Microsoft Windows versions 7 and later to capture a PDF or document page and save it as a jpg, gif, or png.

Other Technologies (audio, video, camera, etc.)

Protecting Yourself & Your Family

To find out more about internet fraud, online privacy, identity theft, electronic banking, online shopping, and related topics, please see our CONSUMER INFORMATION: Buying Online and CONSUMER INFORMATION: Privacy, Identity Theft, & Junk Mail links.

To learn about the effects of media (books, TV, movies, internet, video games, etc.) on kids and teens, please see our PARENTING & FAMILY: Media & Entertainment links.

NJ seal CyberNJ.gov: Best Practices NEW! - Outlines simple cybersecurity controls you can take to improve your online safety, privacy, and security, and protect yourself from identity theft. Includes a Threat Landscape NEW! page with info on the latest malware, frauds & scams, and other threats. (State of New Jersey)

Online Privacy and Security (formerly OnGuard Online VIDEO - Practical tips to help you understand online privacy, protect your devices from hackers and threats, and avoid common online scams (Federal Trade Commission). The date of each article is provided at the bottom of the page, so you know how up-to-date the information is.

Stay Safe Online - Additional resources to help you protect yourself, your family, and your devices from malware, fraud, data loss, cyberbullying, and other threats (National Cyber Security Alliance; non-profit organization).

Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) UPDATED LINK! - Information for the general public on cybersecurity best practices, and a variety of cyber security topics. See also Secure Our World (formerly Be Cyber Smart VIDEO (Department of Homeland Security).

Artificial Intelligence: The tricky truth about how generative AI uses your data - Explores the ways in which Big Tech may be using your emails, social media posts, and other 'publicly available' information to train its artificial intelligence (AI) systems (2023, Vox; ; part of Vox Media). See also Detecting AI-infused frauds and deceptions NEW! (2024, Federal Trade Commission), Safe Words: Defend Yourself against AI Impostor Scams with a Safe Word, and Explained: Generative AI's environmental impact NEW! (2025, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).

Behavioral Advertising Opt-Out - See Cookies links, below.

Blind Carbon Copies - See BCC: Blind Carbon Copies, above.

Browser Fingerprinting - See Cookies & Online Tracking, below.

Businesses - See Cyber Security: Protecting Small Businesses and related links.

Caller ID Spoofing - See CONSUMER INFORMATION: Caller ID Spoofing.

Chat, Text & Web Abbreviations - See Texting and Chat Abbreviations, below.

Computer Workstation Ergonomics - See Ergonomics, below.

Consumer Reports: Digital Security & Privacy Guide VIDEO - Information and resources to help you secure yourself online and take steps to stop companies from sharing your private data. Includes a Security Planner and Permission Slip app APP to take control of your data. Some articles are only available to paid subscribers. (Consumer Reports)

Cookies, Fingerprinting & Tracking: How Websites and Apps Collect and Use Your Information - Explains how and why websites track you - and what to do about it (2023, Federal Trade Commission). See also Web Tracking Technologies 101 NEW! (2024, by Amir Ebrahimi Fard; Medium), Browser fingerprinting: what it is and how to protect yourself (2022, TechRadar; part of Future US, Inc.), Browser settings to change ASAP in Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Edge, and Brave (2022, CNET.com, a Ziff Davis company). Most modern browsers include privacy features, either built-in, or offered as extensions. Use the Cover Your Tracks tool to find out how well your browser is protecting you against non-consensual Web tracking (Electronic Frontier Foundation). For related info, see Privacy Rights Clearinghouse and related links, below.

Credit Reports - See Credit Reports links.

Cyberbullying: StopBullying.gov - 'Cyberbullying happens when kids bully each other through electronic technology.' This site explains why cyberbullying is different from traditional bullying, what you can do to prevent it, and how you can report it if it happens (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services). See also What is cyberbullying and how can it be prevented? NEW! (2023, Mayo Clinic). See also Emily Post's Digital Manners, above.

Data Breaches: What You Should Do After a Data Breach - Describes six steps to take if your information is exposed in a data breach (2024, Experian; credit reporting company). See also How does a data breach affect you and why should you care? (2024, TechRadar; part of Future US, Inc.) and What To Do When Your Data Is Breached (2023, StaySafeOnline). To find out whether your email account has been compromised in a data breach, check Have i been pwned? (by Troy Hunt, a Microsoft Regional Director). See also Privacy, above, and Security, below.

Data Brokers - Explains different types of data brokers and 'People Search' sites, how they collect your data, and ways to stop or limit them (2021, makeuseof.com). Permission Slip by CR APP is a free app designed to regain control of your personal information and request that companies delete or stop selling your data (from Consumer Reports). See also All of Your Information That's Publicly Available (and What You Can Do About It) (2024, Lifehacker; part of Ziff Davis digital media and internet company), and Privacy links, below. To get contact info for hundreds of data brokers, see Privacy Rights Clearinghouse List of U.S. Data Brokers.

Digital Legacy - See Online Life After Death for tips on how to plan for the management of your digital files, photos, posts and other accounts after your death.

Disinformation - See Hate & Misinformation Online and related links.

Disposal of Electronic Devices - 'Computers, smartphones, and cameras allow you to keep a great deal of information at your fingertips, but when you dispose of, donate, or recycle a device you may inadvertently disclose sensitive information which could be exploited by cyber criminals.' This page suggests a variety of methods for permanently erasing data from your devices (2021, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency). See also What to know before you upgrade your phone. And how to protect your new one NEW! (2025, Federal Trade Commission), How to Wipe a Computer Clean of Personal Data [covers Apple, Windows 10 & 11, and Chromebook] (2022, Consumer Reports), and How to Wipe Your Hard Drive [covers Windows 11, 10, 8.1, or 7] (2025, PC Magazine). See also Spring Cleaning Webfinder: Safeguard Your Personal Data.

E-Mail, Web, and Chat Room Slang and Acronyms - See Texting and Chat Abbreviations, below.

Ergonomics: Improve your Workspace VIDEO - This tutorial will provide you with the basics to reduce risk factors for injury and improve your comfort & productivity. Covers Setting Up an Office Space, Using a Laptop, Using a Phone, and Working Remote (University of Michigan). See also 4 Steps to Set Up Your Workstation (UCLA), and Ergonomics: Computer Workstations eTool (U.S. Occupational Safety & Health Administration).

Hate & Misinformation Online: Explainers - Articles that explain core concepts & issues related to online hate and misinformation. Explainer: Understanding Section 230, Social Media Companies' Get-Out-of-Jail-Free Card NEW! summarizes Section 230 of the 1996 Communications Decency Act, which shields 'interactive computer services' from legal liability for harms that may be caused by their products (Center for Countering Digital Hate, US/UK; non-profit organization). See also Fact Checking & Fake News

Health App Privacy - 'Some apps use your sensitive information only to give you services. But others may use it for their own research, to target you with ads, or disclose - or even sell - your data to other companies. And, unlike your doctor, these apps may not be covered by health privacy laws like HIPAA.' This page offers tips to help you avoid the risks associated with health apps (2021, Federal Trade Commission). See also How to Identify if Your Health App Is Selling Your Private Data (2023, makeuseof.com) & Telehealth Privacy and Security Tips for Patients (2023, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services), and Health Information Privacy links.

Home Network Security - Home network security refers to the protection of a network that connects devices to each other and to the internet within a home. This page offers advice on securing home networks and systems (2021, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency). See also Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Connections and Bluetooth Security Tips, below.

Identity Theft - See Privacy links, below, Credit Reports, and Privacy, Identity Theft, & Junk Mail.

Impostor (Imposter) Scams - See Safe Words: Defend Yourself against AI Impostor Scams with a Safe Word, below.

Information Brokers - See Data Brokers, above.

Internet Crime Complaint Center - Use this site to file a complaints over any type of crime committed over the Internet, including credit card fraud, retail fraud, investment fraud, auction fraud, etc. Formerly Internet Fraud Complaint Center (FBI and National White Collar Crime Center). The FBI also offers a web page on scams and safety. See also CONSUMER INFORMATION: Fraud Schemes and related links.

Internet of Things (IoT) [Link opens a PDF] - IoT refers to any home automation device, security system, appliance, vehicle, medical device, toy, or other item that sends and/or receives data automatically via the web. This tip sheet provides brief tips to help you secure IoT devices from cyber attacks (2021, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency). 'Smart' Homes explains in greater detail how smart homes work, what to be aware of when introducing smart devices into your home, what steps you can take to protect your data and your privacy, and where to learn more (2020, Consumer Action; non-profit organization). Mozilla Foundation's Privacy Not Included guide helps you shop for safe, secure connected products in categories such as smart home, wearables, cars, toys & games, health & fitness, entertainment, and more (2022 - 2024). See also 7 tips for a safer Internet of Things (2022, National Cyber Security Alliance), Automobiles: Your Car Is Spying on You, Smart Speaker Privacy & Smart TVs, Wireless Security and Home Network Security.

Is This Website Safe? (Norton Safe Web) [CAUTION: This tool is should not be used as a substitute for a reliable anti-virus / anti-spyware program!] - Analyzes websites and rates how safe they are from threats like viruses, malware, phishing attacks, and fake websites (Norton is part of Gen Digital Inc.).

Kids & Tech: Tips for Parents in the Digital Age - Advice on how your family can manage media use in positive and healthy way (2024, American Academy of Pediatrics). NetSmartz VIDEO offers helpful net-safety tip sheets for tweens, teens, parents and others; includes videos and a blog. Covers topics such as AI & Child Safety Online, Sextortion, Sexting, Cyberbullying, and more (National Center for Missing & Exploited Children and Boys & Girls Clubs of America). Common Sense Media offers articles on Parenting, Media, and Everything in Between (2017 - 2024). Smart Decisions about Smart Toys can help you decide whether to bring these toys into the home, and if so, how to do it safely (2022, PIRG.org). Safe, Secure, and Smart is a guide to choosing the best tech for pre-schoolers; covers apps, online video, and toys & connected devices (2021, Fairplay). You'll find more good advice for parents at Connect Safely (non-profit organization; by Larry Magid et al.), Family Online Safety Agreement For Ages 13 and Under & Family Online Safety Agreement For Teens (2021, Family Online Safety Institute), Protect Your Child From Identity Theft (2024, Federal Trade Commission), Texting and Chat Abbreviations, below, and Kids and Mobile Phones, above. For additional resources, see our PARENTNG: Digital Wellness & other PARENTING: Media & Entertainment links, and KIDSTUFF Information for Parents.

Microsoft Windows Security - Tips and tools from Microsoft to help you protect your devices, yourself, and your family from hackers, viruses, fraud, and more (Microsoft). Apple device users, see Apple support, choose your device, find the device's User Guide under 'Resources,' then search 'security' and 'privacy.' See also Apple Platform Security.

Misinformation - See Hate & Misinformation Online and related links.

Netiquette - See Emily Post's Digital Manners, above.

Passwords: Create and Use Strong Passwords (2025, Stay Safe Online) NEW! and Creating Strong Passwords (2023, Electronic Frontier Foundation) NEW! - Explain the whys and hows of creating strong passwords to keep your accounts and private information secure. See also 3 Simple Tricks for Remembering Strong Passwords (2024, PC Magazine), and Protect Your Personal Information From Hackers & Scammers (2024, Federal Trade Commission). Are you having trouble thinking up new passwords to meet increasingly complicated password configuration requirements? Norton offers an automated Password Generator; you can use it online, or install the extension/app on your browser or device.

Phishing Scams - Recommendations on how to avoid the fraud and identity theft that result from phishing and spoofing, which use emails, texts, and websites that look safe but are actually stealing your personal information (2022, Federal Trade Commission). See also What to Do Immediately After You Click a Phishing Link VIDEO (2022; Lifehacker, part of Ziff Davis digital media and internet company).

Photos & Videos: Protect your Privacy - See How to Remove Metadata from Photos, above.

Privacy: Manage Your Privacy Settings - Provides direct links to pages that explain how to update your privacy settings on popular devices and online services such as Amazon, eBay, LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, YouTube, Apple, Google, MasterCard and many others (2024, National Cyber Security Alliance). 30-Second Privacy Fixes: Simple Ways to Protect Your Data outlines how to quickly limit location tracking, smart speaker recordings, and other data collection (2022, Consumer Reports). Electronic Frontier Foundation offers Surveillance Self-Defense, with detailed advice for safer online communications, as well as the free Privacy Badger Browser Extension. Lifehacker Tech Privacy offers tips to help you enhance the privacy of your devices, apps, and online activity (Lifehacker, part of Ziff Davis digital media and internet company). For more advice that can help you prevent spam and tracking, see How to hide your email from data collectors (2021, The Verge; part of Vox Media). Privacy International explains how technology, privacy, autonomy and freedom are deeply interconnected, and provides some guidance on steps you can take to enhance your privacy. Covers Social Media Surveillance, Mass Surveillance, AdTech, Health Tech In Sexual & Reproductive Rights, and more (UK charity). See also Cookies, Fingerprinting & Tracking, Data Breaches, Data Brokers, Disposal of Electronic Devices, Health App Privacy, Internet of Things (IoT), Kids & Tech, Apps & Privacy, Security, VPNs, Credit Reports, and Privacy, Identity Theft, & Junk Mail links.

Safe Computer Disposal - See Disposal of Electronic Devices, above.

Safe Words: Defend Yourself against AI Impostor Scams with a Safe Word - 'Online or on the phone, treat your family members and friends as though they were an e-mail log-in page. Make up a passcode - a safe word or private phrase - and share it with them in person. Memorize it. If they call you in alarm or under unusual pressure, especially if those concerns are connected to requests for money, ask for the code to verify who is on the other end of the line.' (2024, Scientific American). See also Artificial Intelligence links, above.

Security: How To Protect Against, Detect, and Remove Malware - Advice on how to protect yourself & your devices from malware (2024, Federal Trade Commission). If your phone's been acting up, How to Figure Out If Your Phone Has Malware NEW! explains how to check if malware is to blame, and what to do if it is (2024, PC Magazine). See also Online Privacy and Security & Stay Safe Online, above, and Wireless Connections, below. What is Scareware and how to protect yourself NEW! outlines how you can avoid being duped by scareware, which tricks users into believing their device is infected, prompting them to download malicious software or visit fake websites (2025, MalwareBytes). Trend Micro's Security Glossary defines dozens of terms specifically related to online security, such as ActiveX, boot sector virus, and Worm. Trend Micro also offers a Threat Encyclopedia with the latest info on specific types of malware (trojans, ransomware, etc.), spam, & vulnerabilities/security patch releases.

Security Breaches - See Data Breaches, above.

Seniors - See Online Safety Tips for Older Adults and related links.

Smart Speaker Privacy - Do you have Amazon Alexa/Echo, Apple Siri, or Google Home/Assistant/Nest in your home? Amazon, Apple, and Google have been known to allow employees or outside contractors to listen to recordings stored on their servers to improve the performance of a speaker's voice recognition. This article explains how to to mute the microphone and delete recordings collected by Amazon, Apple, and Google (2022, Consumer Reports). See also Internet of Things (IoT), above.

Smartphones - See Apps & Privacy and related links, above.

Spam Scams & Hoaxes - If you receive a dubious email or online message, search this encyclopedia of common hoaxes before you do anything else. Exposes false virus warnings, health scares, 'free' product scams, stories of Nigerian dictators, and much more (Trend Micro, a company providing technology security products & services). See also Safe Words: Defend Yourself against AI Impostor Scams with a Safe Word, above, and Fraud Schemes.

Spoofing - See CONSUMER INFORMATION: Caller ID Spoofing.

Terms of Service; Didn't Read UPDATED LINK! - Analyzes and rates the 'Terms of Service' to which you must agree before you can use websites such as Facebook, Amazon, Reddit, Wikipedia, YouTube, and many others, giving you the key points in a nutshell (non-for-profit organisation, registered in France).

Texting and Chat Abbreviations: Net Lingo & Webopedia - Extensive lists of definitions for acronyms and abbreviations commonly used on the web and in chat & text messaging. Computer Hope offers an Online Conversion Tool for Leetspeak, a code which replaces letters for numbers or other characters; includes a conversion tool (last updated in 2023). Parents who want to know more about their kids' use of cell phones and text-messaging, see should read Kids and Mobile Phones links, above. To learn how text messaging works, see Text Messaging on your Cell Phone, above. See also Texting Etiquette, above.

TV: How to Turn Off Smart TV Snooping Features - Advice on how to how to limit the amount of personal data being collected by your TV (2023, Consumer Reports). See also Internet of Things (IoT), and TV: Antennas and Digital Television.

VPNs (Virtual Private Network) - Explains what a VPN is, how it works, and why may want to use one to safeguard your browsing (2024, Lifehacker; part of Ziff Davis digital media and internet company)). See also Privacy links, above.

Wireless Connections and Bluetooth Security Tips - Summarizes the risks associated with using unsecured Wi-Fi networks and Bluetooth connections to access the internet, with advice on keeping yourself safe (2021, Federal Communications Commission). Securing Wireless Networks [Archived page] suggests precautions you can take to help minimize risks (2021, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency). Wireless Security: Tips for Using Public Wi-Fi Networks offers advice on protecting your personal information when using a public Wi-Fi (2023, Federal Trade Commission). See also How To Secure Your Home Wi-Fi Network (2022, Federal Trade Commission et al.), Home Network Security, Security, and Wi-Fi, above.

Workstation Ergonomics - See Ergonomics, above.